Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Using as Antibacterial Materials

Nowadays, researchers need to produce eco-friendly nanoparticles through synthetic methods without toxic and hazardous chemicals. Environmental pollutions, such as chemical and physical contaminations can be caused by various chemical and physical processes during nanoparticles production.  Therefore, researchers have made many efforts to synthesize eco-friendly Nano-materials using enzymes, microorganisms, and plant extracts. In recent years, in addition to genetic engineering of crop plants for enhanced resistance against pests, bio-synthesis of nanometals produced from plant extracts became a significant focus of scientists due to their less hazardous effects on environmental safety. Plant extracts contain reductants, which can reduce the metal ions. Moreover, the synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts could be considered as a simple, cost effective, and environmentally friendly approach. In the present review paper we discuss various green and eco-friendly methods using different plant extracts to produce silver, gold, copper, and iron nanoparticles as antibacterial materials.